lack的用法

　　n.(名詞)“不足”。通常用“l(fā)ack+of+名詞”。

　　a lack of money.缺乏金錢(qián)

　　Her only problem is lack of confidence.

　　Lack of sleep had made him irritable.

　　We won't be going on holiday this year - lack of funds, I'm afraid.

　　If he fails it won't be for/through lack of effort (= he has certainly tried).

　　He can’t endure the lack of food.沒(méi)有食物，他再也堅(jiān)持不下去了。

　　vt.(及物動(dòng)詞)缺乏;不足;沒(méi)有

　　①To be entirely without or have very little of.缺乏：根本就沒(méi)有或僅有一點(diǎn)

　　②To be in need of.需要

　　He just lacks a little confidence.

　　What we lack in this house is space to store things.

　　She lacks patience in dealing with children. (與孩子打交道她缺少耐心。)

　　We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.

　　(注：說(shuō)lack不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)是站不住腳的)

　　vi. (不及物動(dòng)詞)還可作“缺乏，短少;不足;需要。常用進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　①To be wanting or deficient:缺乏：處于匱乏或不足狀態(tài)：

　　You will not be lacking in support from me.你將得到我的幫助

　　(注：這里把lacking處理為vi.，并沒(méi)有作為adj.來(lái)得簡(jiǎn)單)

　　②To be in need of something:需要：需要某物：

　　I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何東西

　　She does not lack for friends.

　　They lacked for nothing.他們無(wú)所需求(應(yīng)有盡有)。

　　[用法拓展]

　　lack構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)有：

　　be lacking:欠缺、缺：

　　be lacking in缺乏(某種品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等),不夠

　　lack for缺(多用于否定句) Lack+of+名詞：The plants died for lack of water.

　　Lack+名詞：We lack the strength to walk any further.

　　短語(yǔ)：be lacking:欠缺、缺：Money was lacking to complete the building.

　　Be lacking in缺乏(某種品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等),不夠：He is not lacking in intelligence.

　　Lack for缺(多用于否定句) She does not lack for friends

　　lacking adj.

　　1. be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:

　　Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.

　　Money was lacking to complete the building.

　　He is lacking in courage.他缺乏勇氣。

　　Nothing is lacking but the will.什么都不缺，就缺意志。

　　2. be lacking in sth to not have a quality:

　　He's totally lacking in charm.

　　He is not lacking in intelligence.

　　Philip was not lacking in ability. (菲力普并不缺少能力。)

　　His reception of us was lacking in warmth.(他對(duì)我們的接待缺少熱情。)

　　Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.由于年輕，她缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

　　[練習(xí)]

　　1. Many of our young workers ___ proper training.?

　　A. are lacking in B. are lacking C. lack for D. lack in [A]

　　2. We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to____ sincerity.

　　A. lack of B. be lack of C. lack in D. be lacking in (D)

　　3. Though________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

　　A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

　　<解答> Though lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中l(wèi)ack是vt.。

　　4. Keep him at arm's length, as he is a guy being lacking ______ honesty.

　　A. of B. on C. in D. about (C)

　　5.That was another example of _____ experience.

　　A. a lack of B. lack from C. their lack for D. their lack of

　　<解答>.D lack作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面直接用名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ);作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)常和for連用;作名詞時(shí)常和of搭配使用。

　　6. -- What caused the failure of the experiment?

　　-- _____. (C)

　　A. Because of shortage of fund B. For lack of fund C. Lack of fund D. Due to lack of fund

　　7. The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ____ experience.

　　A. is lack of B. is lacking in? C. lacks of D. is lacking of

　　此題答案選B，be lacking in是習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名詞。選A是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)閘ack可用做名詞和動(dòng)詞，但不用做形容詞;選C是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)閘ack用做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它是及物動(dòng)詞，其后不用介詞(注：用做名詞的lack后可接介詞of);選D是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)闆](méi)有be lacking of這個(gè)搭配。

　　8. I'm sorry, We're ________that kind of trousers. Would you come back next week?

　　A. short B. lacking C. in need D. short of (D)

　　[案例1.]

　　1. He can’t endure the lack of food.

　　2. He can’t endure a lack of food.

　　3. He can’t endure lack of food.

　　Are they all correct?

　　Yes, they are, but number 3 would not be heard very often, simply because it's not so easy to say smoothly. You need a hard stop between "endure" and "lack," so even if you mean to say that, it tends to come out as "endure-uh lack."

　　[案例2.]

　　The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _____ and had to be rationed (定量供應(yīng)).

　　A. inadequate B. rare C. lacked D. scarce

　　[答] D. scarce.汽油供不應(yīng)求，因此必須定量配給。

　　Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不應(yīng)求的。Inadequate不適應(yīng)的，不充分的。

　　lack vt./vi. (=be without ; not have; have less than enough of)缺乏;沒(méi)有;缺少，例如：

　　1)He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏堅(jiān)定性。)

　　2) Money is lacking for the plan.(此計(jì)劃尚缺錢(qián)。)

　　3) He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇氣。)

　　be lacking in常指缺乏某種品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等。

　　lack作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故不能選C. lacked.

　　4)They lacked for nothing.(他們什么也不缺。)有人認(rèn)為，lack for是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。

　　[案例3.]

　　I am lacking of practice or I am lacking practice.

　　BE：正常表達(dá)的方式是:

　　"I haven't given a massage for a long time. I'm out of practice."

　　If you want to use the verb "to lack":

　　"I lack practice" or I'm lacking in practice".

　　[案例4.]

　　1. Lacking money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.

　　2. Lacking in money, he couldn't spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.

　　Q：這兩句是否都對(duì)?

　　答：1句對(duì)(lack sth.);2句錯(cuò)(但語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)并不錯(cuò)be lacking in sth.).

　　句2類似結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵是be lacking in + quality

　　Lacking in courage, he would never leave home.

　　Totally lacking in charm, he could not attract the audience.

　　注：However, this is still not very idiomatic. I would expect:

　　Because he was lacking in courage, he never left home.

　　[注意事項(xiàng)]

　　1.There is no lack of …總用is/was單數(shù)形式

　　2.For lack of里沒(méi)有the

　　【問(wèn)題探究】 He is lack of money.

　　問(wèn)：lack是名詞，這里似乎是不能放be動(dòng)詞后的吧?

　　答：That’s water.名詞有時(shí)也能用在be動(dòng)詞后。這似乎有些題外了。當(dāng)然本題句是錯(cuò)誤的，下面的都對(duì)：

　　1. He lacks money [lacks = verb]

　　2. He has a lack of money [lack = noun]

　　3.He is lacking in money [lacking = adjective]

　　"He is lack of money." (X)

　　"He suffers from a lack of money/confidence /personality/etc." ("Lack" = noun.) (V)

　　"I can't meet you today for lack of time." ("Lack" = noun.) (V)

　　"Lacking"可以是adjective,常用于be lacking in sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。且那sth.應(yīng)該是抽象的事物，故上面的句3也錯(cuò)誤了。

　　題目句是錯(cuò)的。可以說(shuō): "He is lacking money"或"he lacks money".如果說(shuō)"He is..." (如"He is a teacher")那么就是在描述他什么,也就是他自己不能是(a lack) < he cannot himself be 'a lack'>

　　有時(shí)人們把lack用與這樣的句子，如"He lacks common sense/initiative". 'To lack'是個(gè)很華麗的古英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但現(xiàn)在人們也許更可能用"He has no...".

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