part one words
1. compete
【用法指南】
vi 比賽；對抗
【典型例句】
1） John competed for a place at the school, but he didn’t give in.
約翰在學(xué)校里競爭一個職位，但沒有成功。
2） Five children competed in the race.
五個孩子參加賽跑。
3） Although there only four horsed competing, it was an exciting race.
雖然只有四匹馬賽跑，但比賽很精彩。
【拓展】
1）competition n. 況賽
competitor. n. 參賽者
competitive adj. 競賽的
2) compete in 在某一方面競爭
compete for 為。。。 而競爭
compete with / against 與。。。競爭
compete with/ against sb. for sth. 為得到某物與某人競爭
【類比延伸】
1） compete的含義僅僅是為了爭得名次、獎品、合同。并不含有將對手征服得意思。例如：
The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool.孩子們互相競爭著抵達(dá)池子的另一端。
2） vie (with ) 與compete 相比，詞義弱得多，包含著爭奪得興奮，激動，因此這種競爭與其說是“爭奪”不如說是嬉戲，或者爭先恐后。如：The two boys vie with each other for the first place.
3） contest 所表示的“競爭”可以是友誼賽，也可以是有故意的競賽，旨在比試技能、能力、力氣、耐力等。如：
The two armies are contesting every inch of ground.兩軍正爭奪每一寸土地。
【過關(guān)練習(xí)1】
漢譯英
1） 幾家公司正在為爭取一項(xiàng)合同而相互競爭。
2） 他相信沒有人能與他抗衡。
3） 有多少人參加馬拉松比賽。
4） 他們?yōu)榱粟A得獎牌而相互競爭。
5） He’s going to ____ his old rival in the second round.
A. compete B. compete for
C. compete with D. be competitor
6) – More than thirty students competed _____ each other in the English competition
-- But they could only compete ____ three medals .
A. against; with B. against ; on
C. with ; for D. on; for
2. host
【用法指南】
1） vt 主人招待；主辦或主持某項(xiàng)活動。
2） n. 主人； （電視等） 節(jié)目主持人
【典型例句】
1) China will host the 29th Olympic Gamers in 2008.
中國將在2008年主辦第29屆奧運(yùn)會。
2) Hosting our show this evening is the lovely Mary.
我們今晚得演出由美麗得瑪麗主持。
3) He acted as host to his father’s friends.
他當(dāng)主人款待父親的朋友。
【拓展】
1） host country (比喻)奧林匹克運(yùn)動會的主辦國。
2） be/ play host to sb. （作為主人）招待或款待某人
3） host vt, 做東； 主辦；主持；
n. 主人， 東道主
hostess n. 女主人
【類比延伸】
host / hold / own
host指作為主人來主辦或主持某項(xiàng)活動
hold 只單純的表示“舉辦， 舉行”
own 表示“擁有”或“承認(rèn)”
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
完成句子
1） Mr. Brown was __________ . (我們晚會的主人)
2） ____________ ( 客隊(duì)和主隊(duì) ) won each of the games , so they were even with each other.
3） Which country _________ ? （將主辦今年的運(yùn)動會）
4） He first came to China and I _______. （作為主人款待他）
5） _______ the Olympic Games is a great honor for a country.
A. Host B. Hosting C. Hold D. Holding
3． admit
【用法指南】
1） vt. 讓。。。進(jìn)入， 允許。。進(jìn)入（常to和into或連用
2） vt. 接納；招待；容納
3） vt. 承認(rèn)(后接名詞； v-ing形式； that從句；sb./sth. to be等)
4） vi. 容許有（常與of連用）
5） vi 承認(rèn)(常與to連用)
【典型例句】
1） This ticket admits two people to the basketball match.
這張票可供兩人入場看籃球賽。
2） The college admits two thousand new boys and girls every year.
這所大學(xué)每年招收2，000男女新生。
3） The cinema admits about 3,000 people.
這座電影院大約可坐3，000人。
4） He admitted to the teacher that he was wrong.
他向老師承認(rèn)他錯了。
【拓展】
1) be admitted to / into… 獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入/參加
2) be admitted as …. 作為。。。 被接受
3) admit doing 承認(rèn)，公認(rèn)，招認(rèn)
【過關(guān)練習(xí)3】
1. I admitted ______ done wrong.
A. to have B. being C. that he D. having
2. – By the way, how about your salary last month?
-- The boss had to admit _____ back $200 from my salary for no good reason.
A. keep B. keeping C. kept D. to have kept
完成句子
3) He _______ (被接受稱為) a member of the baseball team.
4) You were supposed to __________ . (承認(rèn)冤枉了她)
5）He _____ (入院) with minor burns.
6.） George would never ______ (認(rèn)錯)
4．a(chǎn)llow
【用法指南】
1） vt. 允許；準(zhǔn)許
allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事
allow doing sth. 允許做某事
allow sb. in / out 允許某人進(jìn)入/出去
allow sb. sth.允許某人某事
#不能說allow to do sth.
2)vi. 考慮到；估計； （常與for連用）
【典型例句】
1） We don’t allow smoking in the office. 我們不允許在辦公室吸煙。
2） She allowed her daughter to go to the party她允許她得女兒去參加晚會。
3） You are allowed to speak loudly in class. 你們不允許在課堂上大聲說話。
4） Has everything been allowed for in your plan?
你得計劃是否把各種情況都考慮進(jìn)去了？
【類比延伸】
allow / permit / let
allow 和permit都表示允許，用法也一樣，在許多情況下可以相互替換，只是詞義的強(qiáng)弱上有些差別。
allow 詞義較弱，含有“聽任”， “默許“、“不加阻止”的意思。
permit 詞義較強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“正式認(rèn)可”“批準(zhǔn)”的意思。
let 表示“讓”詞義罪最弱，較口語化，用法也不同與allow和permit; let后的賓語不足語為不帶to的不定式；let 一般不用于被動語態(tài)。
【過關(guān)練習(xí)4】
完成句子
1）Your gift ___________ (使我可以買一部車)
2） She ____________________ (不允許房子內(nèi)有狗)
3）My father ___________. (給我一些錢買書)
4）The facts _______________ . (不容另作解釋)
5）Teachers usually _________ (不允許學(xué)生查字典) in the exam.
6) He is said to ______ to his country because a new president comes to power.
A. be allowed to return B. allow to return
C. allow returning D. be allowed returning
5. promise
【用法指南】
1） vt. 許諾；答應(yīng)（常與to, that連用）
promise + n. 許諾某事
promise sb. to do sth 向某人許諾做某事
promise （sb）. that… 向某人許諾。。。
2) n, 諾言
make a promise
give a promise
keep /carry out a promise
break a promise
【典型例句】
1） He has given a promise to write to me.他答應(yīng)要給我寫信。
2） I promised him to behave better henceforth 我答應(yīng)他今后表現(xiàn)得好些。
3） This year promises to be another good one for harvests 今年看來又是個豐收年。
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1） Early mist_________ (預(yù)示好天氣)
2） She _____________ (答應(yīng)弟弟) that she would write to him.
3） He ______ (不遵守諾言) and did not come to see me.
4） Remember to __________ (履行你得諾言)
5） If you _____ (許下諾言0 , you should _____ ;You shouldn’t ______ (違背諾言)
Part two phrase
1. find out
【用法指南】
1） 查明，；如通過觀察或詢問查明（某事）
I found out the phone number by looking it up. If you are no sure, find out.通過查找，我查到了電話號碼。 如果你不肯定，查一查
Please find out when the ship sails for New York.
2） 發(fā)現(xiàn)；揭露
I’ve found you out at last.我終于把你揭露了
The criminals tried to run away ,but the police found out. 犯罪企圖逃跑，但警察發(fā)現(xiàn)了。
【過關(guān)練習(xí)1】
1) If you want to do the job well, you must ____ how to do it fast first.
A. find B. B. find out C. look for D. look at
2). Don’t worry . You’ll soon _______ how to solve the problem.
A. find B. discover C. find out D. look for
3.) – Did you ______ where she lived?
--- No, I didn’t.
A. find B. discover C. look at D. find out
4) I am _____ my book everywhere but I haven’t ____ it yet.
A. found ; found B. looking for ; looked at
C. looking for; found D. looking for ; found out
2. a set of
【用法指南】
一組；一套
1）a set of tools 一套工具
2) a set of six dining chairs 一套六把得餐椅
3) a set of false teeth 一套假牙
4) a set of Dickens novels. 一套狄更斯得小說
5) a set of golf clubs 一套高爾夫球桿
6) a bit of luck 一點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣
【拓展】
1） a series of lectures 一系列演講
2） a series of days 連續(xù)幾天
3） a chain of proof 一連串證據(jù)
4） a train of mourners 一長隊(duì)送葬者
5） a pair of shoes 一雙鞋
6） a mountain of trouble許多麻煩
7） a pile of trouble 一大堆麻煩
【過關(guān)練習(xí)】
1） 一套園藝工具
2） 一組指紋
3） 一套21件的茶具
4） 一連串的音樂會
5） 電視連續(xù)劇
6） 一大堆工作
7） 一堆舊書
8） 一條褲子
3. every four years
【用法指南】
every與數(shù)詞連用， 表示時間或空間的間隔，譯作“每（隔）……”。具體用法為:
1) every +基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
2) every +序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞
3) every +other+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
4) every +few +復(fù)數(shù)名詞
【典型例句】
1） every two days = every second day = every other day 每兩天(每隔一天)
2） every three years = every third year 每三年
3） every other line 每隔一行
4） every few meters 每隔幾米
* 注意： 不能將every更改為each； few前不能加a
【過關(guān)練習(xí)3】
1)When I was in the countryside , I would go to the river bank _____.
A. each second day B. every a few days
C. each two days D. every few days
2). When the old was ill in hospital , we went to look after him ____ by turns.
A. every a days B. every two days
C. everyday D. every the second day
4. used to
【用法指南】
過去常常，表示以前經(jīng)常做某事，而現(xiàn)在不做了。
【典型例句】
1）I used to go there every year.
2) He is not what he used to be.
【類比延伸】
used to / would / used to / get/ become used to …
1) used to 有較強(qiáng)的今昔對比的含義。表示過去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)；客觀的陳述過去存在，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止的情況或習(xí)慣。如
I used to be drink coffer, but now I drink tea instead.
2 ) would 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去習(xí)慣性的，反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，含有較強(qiáng)的主觀感情色彩。可以跟sometimes, frequently , for hours等表示時間的副詞(短語)連用。
Sometimes John would sit for hours without saying a word.
3） use to
① 習(xí)慣于。。。
He’s not used to making speeches in public ; it’s so embarrassing.
② 被用來做。。。
This machine is used to make farm tools.
= This machine is used for making farm tools.
4） get/become used to 從不習(xí)慣到習(xí)慣
You’ll get used to the work in short time.
5. more than
【用法指南】
1） more than ＋數(shù)詞 ， 表示“超過， 多于”
2） 修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞、分詞、或動名詞時，起到加強(qiáng)語氣或程度的作用，表示“十分、 幾乎”
3） more than 修飾名詞時，表示“不僅僅是， 不只是”同not only.
【典型例句】
1） The school is more than 10 kilometers from my home.
2） She speaks English more than fluently
3） China Daily is more than a newspaper , it help to improve our English.
【拓展】
more … than …
1) 與其說。。。倒不如說。。。
She is more lazy than unintelligent.她與其智力差，不如說懶惰。
2) 不。。。更多
He has made much more progress this year than ( he did ) last year.
6. as well as…
【用法指南】
1） 用于比較狀語從句，表“和。。。一樣好”如“
He speaks French as well as English.
2) 用作復(fù)合介詞，相當(dāng)于not only …but also…; as well as 重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)其前面的人或事，而not only …. but also…重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)后面的人或事。
1) Li Ping as well as Wei Fang and Wabg Ling was praised be the coach.
2) The little girl sings as well as playing the piano
The girl is lively as well as healthy
注意：當(dāng)連接名詞或代詞作主語時， 謂語動詞的形式由前者決定。
【過關(guān)練習(xí)6】
1) E-mail, as well as telephone , _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. are playing
C. have played D. play
2) John plays football _____ if not better than ,David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
3) She doesn’t speak ____ her friend, but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as B. so often as
C. so much as D. as good as
4) ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they has picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they bought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
7. pick up
【用法指南】
1）拾起，撿起
Pick up the box by the handles
2） 收拾，整理
Please pick up all your toys when you have finished playing
3） 改善， 改進(jìn)
Mary has been ill, but she’s picking up now.
4） （從無線電）收聽
We picked up signals for help from the burning plane
5）車船途中搭人，載貨
The bus stopped to pick up the passengers.
6）用車接人
I will pick you up at the station
7）買東西
I picked up a valuable coin at a very low price.
8）通過實(shí)踐學(xué)會（語言，技術(shù)）
Where did you pick up your excellent English?
【過關(guān)練習(xí)7】
1. Under good treatment , Linda is beginning to _____ and will soon recover.
A. pick up B. wake up C. grow up D. show up
2. Something is wrong with my radio . It can’t _____ and programme.
A. take in B. get up C. pick up D. listen to
3. Without proper lessons, you could _____ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.
A. put up B. take up C. pick up D. grow up
4. When he went abroad , he ______ Japanese.
A. looked up B. picked up C. turned up D. made up
Part three : structure
1. I have come to your time to find out about the present day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they are to be held in my hometown of Athens
【用法指南】
be to do 表示將來
1）表示按計劃安排將要發(fā)生的動作。
2）表示命令、禁止等
3）表示注定要發(fā)生的事
4）用于條件句中，側(cè)重于表示計劃、安排要發(fā)生的將來的動作。
【典型例句】
1）He was very interested in making things when he was young. He was to become a great inventor.
小時候他就對制作東西感興趣，他注定要成為一個偉大的發(fā)明家。
2) You are not to stand here.
你不可以站在這兒。
3) Their daughter is to be married soon.
他們的女兒很快就要結(jié)婚了。
4) The president is to attend the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.
總統(tǒng)將參加奧運(yùn)會的開幕式。
【拓展】
1) be to do 不能表示不受人們意志控制的將來的動作。此時要用be going to 。如：It’s going to rain.
2) be about to do 表示馬上要發(fā)生的動作常與when連用，意為“這時” 而且后面不與時間狀語連用。
【過關(guān)練習(xí)1】
1） No one _____ this building without the permission of the police.
A. is leaving B. is to leave C. has left D. will be leaving
2) I feel it is your husband who _____ for the spoiled child .
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D. should blame
3. In such dry weather , the flowers will have to be watered if they ________.
A. have survived B. are to survive
C. would survive D. will survive.
4. If a man _____ succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should
2. A special village is built for the competitors to live in, a stadium for competitions, a very large swimming pool, a gymnasium as well as seats for those who watch the games.
有一個特殊的村莊供參賽的人住。 并提供比賽用場地，很大的游泳池，室內(nèi)體育館，還有觀眾席呢。
【用法指南】
for the competitors to live in 屬于不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（for sb. to do sth.）在句中作定語，修飾a special village.
1) 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的省略。
為避免重復(fù)，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞部分常可以承前省略，尤其在（want , would like, be happy , used to）
【典型例句】
1） I went there because I wanted to.
注意：不定式為to be或to have done 結(jié)構(gòu)時，be和have不能省。如： He is fatter than he used to be.
2) 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作定語。
作定語的不定式的為不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后必須加上相應(yīng)的介詞，如look after , search for, listen to , depend on , laugh at , care for , look at 等。如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
They have no happiness to speak of.
【過關(guān)練習(xí)2】
1） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in street, but his mother told him ______.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do to to
2) – Alice , why didn’t you come yesterday?
-- I _____ , but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
3.) When I handed the report to John , he said that George was the person _________.
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
3. women are not only allowed to join in but play a very important role…
【用法指南】
not only… but also… 不但。。。而且。。。
1) 連接除主語以外的成分時，如果位于句首，not only 后的句子要倒裝。
2) 連接主語時，謂語動詞必須和鄰近的主語保持一致。
【拓展】
either… or…和neither… nor….連接主語時，謂語也要遵循就近原則
【典型例句】
1) He not only said it ,but also did it.
2) Not only has he been to China , but also he knows some Chinese.
3) Not only he but also I am responsible for it.
4) Neither you nor Tom is interested on pop music.
【過關(guān)練習(xí)3】
1）Either you or the headmaster _____ the prize to the gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. are to hand out
C. are handing out D. is to hand out
2) Not only ____ the exam , but also won the first place.
A. he passed B. he did pass C. did he pass D. passed he
漢譯英
3）不僅他而且我也想出國。
4）他不僅幫助了我，而且還給了我一些錢。
4． Where will all the competitors be staying?
【用法指南】
will be doing 為將來進(jìn)行時表示某一時刻或某一段時間里正在進(jìn)行的動作，也可以表示預(yù)料將要發(fā)生的動作。
【典型例句】
1) At this time tomorrow , we will be having the exam.
2) We will be leaving for Beijing
【過關(guān)練習(xí)4】
1) this time tomorrow morning __________ ? (你將在干什么)
2) If free this afternoon , I will ________ (在機(jī)場為朋友送行)
3) _____________________ (將告訴他) about it when I see him again.
4) – Mike , the phone is ringing , Do you want me to go?
-- No, sit still. ___________.
A． I am about to get it B. I’m getting it
C. I’ll get it D. I’m go get it