Grammar: Prepositions and prepositional phrases

學習目標：

1. 能夠了解主要介詞及介詞短語的主要用法，并能夠正確的運用。

2. 通過練習鞏固所學語法。

課前學習：

1． 課前自學課本P8-9，了解并掌握介詞及介詞短語的用法。

2. 完成P8和P9上的相關練習。

課堂學習：

介詞是英語中比較活躍的詞，中學階段所學的介詞有40多個。它與名詞、形容詞、副詞和動詞等構成搭配時用法靈活，意義豐富。搭配比較活躍的介詞主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。在學習介詞時，應重點掌握介詞的基本用法，同時注意總結其與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等搭配構成的短語的意思和用法。

【介詞分類】

1 簡單介詞 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on

2 合成介詞 inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without

3 短語介詞 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to

4 雙重介詞 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between

5 分詞轉化成的介詞 considering(就而論), including

6 形容詞轉化成的介詞 like, unlike, near, next, opposite

【常用介詞區別】

1 表示時間的in, on, at at表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子有關

2 表示時間的since, from since 指從過去到現在的一段時間，和完成時連用，from指從時間的某一點開始

3 表示時間的in, after in指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中

4 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范圍內，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環境范圍之外

5 表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分

6 表示“穿過”的through, across through表示從內部通過，與in有關，across表示在表面上通過，與on有關

7 表示“關于”的about, on about指涉及到，on指專門論述

8 between與among的區別 between表示在兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間

9 besides與except的區別 besides指“除了…還有再加上”，except指“除了，減去什么”，不放在句首

10 表示“用”的in, with with表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語言，聲音

11 as與like的區別 as意為“作為，以…地位或身份”，like為“象…一樣”，指情形相似

12 in與into區別 in通常表示位置（靜態），into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置

【介詞的固定搭配】-

高考主要考查學生對固定短語的掌握程度、對短語意義的了解以及介詞在這些固定搭配中的應用。

1．名詞詞組：

on the contrary相反；

in turn依次；

in one’s opinion根據某人的看法；

on time準時；

out of reach夠不著

2．動詞詞組：

1).動詞+in

give in讓步

bring in引進,使得到收入

result in導致

join in參加

drop in拜訪

take in接納,吸收

break in強制進入,插話

call in召集,來訪

persist in堅持

fill in填寫

cut in插入

hand in上交

2).動詞+to

belong to屬于

refer to談到,涉及,參閱

turn to向...求助,查閱

see to處理,料理

bring to使蘇醒

agree to同意

add to增添

compare to與...相比,把...比作

lead to導致,通向

attend to處理

object to反對

point to指向

stick/hold/keep to堅持,忠于

come to 共計,蘇醒

devote to貢獻給

3．形容詞詞組：

be curious about對……好奇；

be proud of因……而自豪；

be popular with受到……的歡迎

4．介詞短語：

apart from除……之外；

in addition to除……之外(還)；

because of因為；

instead of代替；

in fear of為……提心吊膽；

for fear of以免；

in case of防備；

tha nks to由于；

according to根據；

in front of在……前面；

in return for作為對……的回報；

in charge of負責；

as a result of作為……的結果；

in exchange for與……交換

鞏固練習：

單項選擇

1.Some groups still have difficulties ____ access ____ social services．

A．gain; in B．gaining; to． C．to gain; to D．gaining; of

2.Barack Obama has taken personal blame ________ the security failures which led ________ the attempt to blow up a plane on Christmas Day.

A. of; to B. for; to C. on; on D. in; on

3.---Going to work today, Brenda?

---No. It’s my day today.

A．out B．in C．away D．off

4.We know from their greetings how much they expect ____ us. We won’t let them down.

A. of B. on C. for D. to

5.How the loans are paid should be of little concern to the bank they are paid on time .

A．as well as B．as soon as C．as long as D．as far as

6. I was_______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.

A.in B.to C.at D.on

7. He divided the sweets＿＿＿the children who were divided ＿＿＿three groups.

A. in；in B. into；into C. between；in D. among；into

8. The Internet has brought ________big changes in the way we work.

A. about B. out C. back D. up

9. Early ＿＿＿the morning of May 1, we started off＿＿＿the mountain village.

A. in；for B. in；to C. on；／ D. on；for

10.Everybody was touched _____ words after they heard her moving story.

A. beyond B. without C. of D. in

11.It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.

A. near B. upon C. within D. around

12.A great person is always putting others’ interests _________ his own.

A. below B. above C. in D. on

13.Try on this red skirt; you will look great it..

A. on B. by C. in D. for

14.He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve.

A. at B. on C. in D. by

15.You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a question.

A. in search of B. in the form of C. in need of D. in the direction of

16. It was a pity that the great writer died _____his works unfinished.

A. for B. with C. from D. of

17. You can’t wear a blue jacket _____that shirt-it’ll look terrible. ★

A. on B. above C. up D. over

18. Ted has been absent＿＿＿＿＿class for quite some time.

A. for B. with C. of D. from

19. The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism _______the wildlife in the area.

A. in B. on C. at D. with

20.I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just ______.

A．by nature B．in return C．in case D．by chance

21. The railway was opened＿＿＿＿＿＿traffic＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ April 4, 1985.

A. to；on B. to；in C. by；on D. for；on

22. _____ being a little large, the hat looks nice.

A. Apart from B. Except for C. But for D. All above

23.Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number. ★

A of B as C by D with

24.The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2011 is strong1y impressed ________my memory．

A．to B．over C．by D．on

25.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.

A. in preference to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for

26.More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space.

A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of

27．He is running＿＿the wind towards the station＿＿Tom running ＿＿the right.

A. down； and； on B. against； with； on

C. for； with； in D. with； while； to

28. In Hangzhou Mr. Black was so struck＿＿the beauty of nature that he stayed＿＿another night.

A. at；on B. with；at C. for；in D. by； for

29. -- How long has the bookshop been in business?

-- ＿＿＿＿＿＿1987.

A. After B. In C. From D. Since

30. The key ____ success lies ______ persistence and hard work.

A. to; in 　　 B. of; for 　　 C. for; to 　　 D. of; in

31. Guangdong lies＿＿＿the south of China and Fujian is＿＿＿the east of it. Hainan is＿＿the coast of the mainland.

A. in；in；on B. in；on；off C. on；to；on D. in；to；away

32. The student, ＿whom all the teachers are pleased, is very strict ＿himself ＿ everything. ★

A. to；with；in B. with；with；in C. with；at；with D. at；with；at

33. ＿＿＿＿＿hearing the good news, they jumped with joy.

A. For B. To C. On D. At

34. He climbed silently＿＿＿＿＿＿seizing the thief＿＿＿＿＿＿. ★

A. in the purpose； by surprise B. with purpose of； surprisingly

C. with purpose of； surprisedly D. with the purpose of； by surprise

35. The pianist began to play and the girl in red began to sing ＿＿＿＿the music.

A. with B. along C. through D. to

課后學習：

1． 復習現在分詞的所有用法及重要考察點

2． 完成書后Workbook中的相關的練習

學習感悟：

1. 我學會了：_________________________________________________________________

2. 我的困惑是(還有哪些不理解的地方)：__________________________________________