Unit 1 Good Friends
By Yin Qingguo
一、Goals & Contents
1. Knowledge
A. words (basic)
honest, brave, loyal, wise, handsome, smart, classical, fond of, match, mirror, fry, gun, hammer, saw, rope, movie, cast, deserted, hunt, hunt for, in order to, share, sorrow, care about, feeling, such as, airplane, lie, speech, adventure, notebook, drop a line, error ,survive, be into
B. words (optional)
solution, compass, , parachute, scared, formal, hike
C. Sentences
I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.
I hate hiking and I’m not into classical music.
Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific when suddenly his plane crashes.
He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself.
He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
D. Phrases
have little time, surf the Internet, all the time, on a flight, survive the crash, a deserted island, all alone, collect water, hunt for food, make fire, develop a friendship, share happiness and sorrow, have someone to care about, to give as much as to take
E. Grammar
Direct speech and Indirect speech.
2. Ability & Function
① Learn how to describe friends.
② Learn how to express your likes and dislikes
③ Learn how to make / offer apologies
④ Learn how to change the direct speech into indirect speech and vice visa.
⑤ Learn how to compose an e-mail.
二、Schedule and Procedures
1. Time Allotment
Period 1---Warming up & Speaking
Period 2---Listening & Talking
Period 3&4---Reading (plus“Pre-”&“Post-”& language study)
Period 5&6---Language study& Practicing
Period 7&8---Integrating skills &Assessing
２. Procedures
Period 1
Warming up & Speaking
Step One：Warming up
Teaching aims: how to describe a good friend
talking about likes and dislikes
1. Words to be studied
honest, brave, loyal, wise, handsome, smart, classical, be fond of, be into, classical, hobby
2. Making sentences using the words above, for example,
I think a friend should be honest. He or she never tells lies.
A good friend is someone who is brave. He or she is not afraid of difficulties.
………………
How to carry it out:
1. Greetings to the Ss:
Good morning, everyone! Stand up! Sit down, please! Class is over!
How are you today?
2. Do you have a good friend?/ what do you think should a good friend be like?/ what qualities should a good friend have? The students are asked to describe one of their good friends. Let them use as many adjective words as possible. At the same time I will write these words on the blackboard.
Then I will explain some new adjective words. And ask Ss. to make sentences using them.
Step Two: Speaking
Teaching aims: learn how to express your hobbies: likes and dislikes
1. Words and phrases to be studied
be into, fond (of), classical, all the time, surf the internet
not……nor/neither……
2. Useful expressions
love sth./ to do / doing doesn’t/don’t like/ love sth
like sth. /to do / doing I think that……is terrible or boring.
enjoy sth./ doing sth. hate to do/doing sth.
be into sth. be not into sth.
be fond of sth./ doing sth. I can’t stand……
be crazy about sth. don’t/doesn’t enjoy sth./doing sth.
How to carry it out:
1. Ask them to make a self-introduction
Hi, my name is……. I am ……years old. And I like ……, I don’t like……, etc.
2. How to introduce their friends
Hi, everybody. …… is my good friend. He is ……. He likes ……. He doesn’t like ……. We’re friends because we have the same interests.
3. First ask the Ss. to read the text themselves. And then fill in the chart on page three. After that I will check the answers together. Then I will divide them into several groups and let them discuss the question who can be good friends. After about 5 minutes, I will ask them to answer it trying to use the useful expressions and tell the reasons. ( A group survey )
Name Terry
Gender Male
Age 24
Quality Optimistic
Honest
Likes Basketball
Traveling
Music
Dislikes Swimming
Telling lies
Period 2
Listening & Talking
Step One: Listening
Teaching aims: how to deal with the problems or misunderstandings happened among good friends.
How to carry it out:
1. Ask the Ss. to listen and find out what they (two friends) are arguing about and give suggestions to them in oral or written form.
2. Go on listening on WB on page 85.
3. Ask the Ss. if they have some other ways/methods to solve such problems. First divide them into several groups and then give them 5 minutes to discuss it. Let them decide what the most effective way to solve such problems is.
Keys to textbook on page 2
1. Peter is often late for football practice. I think that he should try to be on time in the future.
2. Mary usually borrows things without asking and she doesn’t return things on time. She should ask the owner is she wants to borrow something and try to return it on time in the future.
3. Adam borrowed John’s CD player yesterday and now it is broken. Adam can ask his uncle to fix it.
Keys to workbook on page 85
1. Solution: Try to understand your friend/Try to talk about the problem in a different way.
2. Solution: Start by telling each other that you are sorry and take it from there. A simple apology is often enough.
3. Solution: Keep your secrets to yourself.
Step two: Talking
Friends often help each other. But sometimes there are some misunderstandings or unpleasant things occurring among them. To learn the skills or strategies is very important to keep good friendship. Under such circumstances, a simple apology is enough and works well. But how to make apologies?
Teaching aims: how to make apologies between friends when some unhappy/unpleasant things or misunderstandings occur.
Words and useful expressions:
work vi. 工作，起作用，行得通
a. She works in a restaurant.
b. The machine won’t work.
c. Your suggestion works well.
why did/didn’t you……？
You promised to ……
I am very sorry……
Please forgive me.
I forgot.
It won’t happen again.
You said that you would……
How to carry it out:
1. Study the example on page 85.
First, hand out cards. Divide the Ss. into several groups, and let them choose their cards and make a short conversation using the expressions on page 86. Then I will check it one by one.
2. Finish the exercises 2 on page 86.
3. Think of some other situations and let the Ss. discuss and find out the solutions and then act them out.
Homework:
a. copy some words
b. make a name card.(full name, age, likes, dislikes……)
Period 3&4
Reading
How to carry it out:
Pre-reading:
1. Ask the Ss. to read the questions of pre-reading. First I will explain some new words.
Match: a piece of short wood which can be used to make fire.
Some phrases: strike a match; put a match to sth; matchbox (box for holding matches). Mirror: a piece of glass which can be used to reflect images.
Some phrases: a driving-mirror; a hand mirror; look at yourself in the mirror.
Fry: to cook or be cooked in boiling fat or oil.
Gun: a kind of small weapon, which can be used to kill both persons and animals and of course you may use it to protect yourself.
Hammer: you may use a hammer to hammer a nail into the wood.
Saw: this is a kind of tool that can be used to cut the wood into two or pieces, but it is not a knife.
Rope: 繩子
Compass: the instruments that can be used to distinguish the directions.
2. Then let them make up sentences using the new words.
3. I have to divide the class into seven groups, in each group there will be eight students. And I will make them discuss the questions and illustrate their reasons. I will make the students elect one captain for each group and report their reasons. The captain of each group can have a same idea or a different one. Then if the other groups don’t agree with the speaking group, they can debate.
I think a knife is the most useful, because I could use it to cut things, to fight animals, and to …….
Andy thinks that a box of matches is the most useful, because ……
Reading the whole text:
1. Brief introduction to Tom Hanks
2. Some background knowledge to this famous film Cast Away
3. List some simple questions on this passage to let the Ss. find the answers while reading the text. And then make them answer them.
Who is Chuck Noland?
Why did he land on a deserted island?
How many years had he stay there?
Is he alone?
…………
4. Finish the first two questions of post-reading on page 4.
5. Divide the whole class into several groups to discuss Question 4 of post-reading on page 4 or hold a debate among them.( Divide them into four groups. Each group represents one view of points.)
6. Explain the language points in the text one by one. At the same time, make them make up sentences using what they have learnt.
Homework:
a. Try to memorize the new words & expressions.
b. Try to recite the third paragraph.
c. Write a composition: words limits: 100
If you were alone on an island, what would you do in order to survive?
7. Some knowledge points:
a. In the movie Cast Away, Tom Hanks played a man named Chuck Noland.
Cast: cast, cast. To throw sth. on purpose or with force.
Cast sb. away: usually used in the passive voice. It means that leaving sb somewhere because of the wreck.
Play: to act the role of sb. e.g. he is playing Hamlet on the stage
b. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
So +adjective / adv. + that + a sentence 如此. ……. 以至于……..
e.g. That shirt is so nice that I have to buy it even if I have to borrow some money from my friends.
He did so well that he was praised by the boss.
c . (phrase) a successful manager
all over the world / country
d. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.
“When” means “just at that time”. It is usually used in the following structures:
a. be + prep. Phrase + when
e.g. we were at work that afternoon when suddenly a fire broke out.
b. be doing sth. + when…
e.g. we were having a meeting when someone broke in angrily.
c. be about to do sth. + when …..
e.g. I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.
e. Chuck survives the crash and lands on a deserted island.
Survive: continue to live or exist in spite of nearly being killed or destroyed.
Survive an earthquake, accident, etc.
幸存的人或物+survive+事故 / 事件
e.g. the plants may not survive the frost.
Deserted: with no one present. A deserted street, area, etc.
Desert n. 沙漠
d. all alone: all by himself or it means that only by himself.
e. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.
f. challenge: N. invitation or call to take part in a game, contest, fight, etc. to prove who is better or stronger, etc.
challenge (to sb)(to do sth.)
to issue / accept a challenge.
Challenge V. challenge sb (to sth.) e.g. challenge sb to a game of tennis.
Challenging adj. 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，激勵的 e.g. a challenging job, test.
g. In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual friend---a volleyball he calls Wilson.
In order to do sth. means “ so as to” but “so as to” could not be used in a negative sentence.
Develop a friendship with sb.
h. He realizes that he hasn’t been a very good friend because he has always been thinking about himself.
Realize(se): understand e.g. I realized that they had told the secret the others before they told it to us.
Have / has been doing sth. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時
Think about and think of:
作“考慮”和“想起”解時兩者同意，可以互換使用。但是作“對……有看法”或“評價”時則只能使用think of.
e.g. do you ever think about your childhood?
What do you think of the film?
i. even if is equal to even though. 讓步狀語從句
j. He talks to him and treats him as a friend.
Treat……. as(pre.)….. e.g. I decided to treat his words as jokes.
k. share happiness and sorrow
share: to have or use sth. with others.
share sth. (with sb.) e.g. there is only one bedroom, so we have to share. I mean I have to share the bedroom with you.
Sorrow: great sadness
l. it is important to have someone to care about
it is +adj. +to / for sb to do something
e.g. it is difficult for us to pass CET 4
it is very kind of you to help me with my homework.
m. Care about: be worried, concerned or interested. 憂慮，關(guān)心，惦念
e.g. People all over the world are caring about the future of Iraq.
They don’t care about what will happen to the family.
Care for: （一般用于疑問句和否定句） 喜歡或愛某人；照看，照顧某人；（否定句）對某人或某事物愛好或喜愛
e.g. he cares for her deeply.
Who will care for him if his wife dies?
I don’t care much for opera.
n. He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
Should have cared: should have done, this is the subjunctive mood. It means that you should do something, but really you didn’t do that.
o. We must give as much as we take.
As + adj. / adv. +as + noun. / a sentence
e.g. You should finish the work as early as possible.
We will do the work as well as we can.
Can you give me the apple as big as yours?
p. human being: man, woman or child; person
q. The lesson we can learn from Chuck and all the others who have unusual friends is that friends are teachers.
此句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是the lesson is……..that……..
Who 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句修飾的是all the others, 但that 引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，在表語從句中必須使用陳述語序。
e.g. the trouble is that I have lost his address.
r. such as and for example: such as + noun. For example, +noun or sentence and the phrase for example can be used at the end of a sentence.
e.g. many people, such as children and old men, lost their lives in the war.
Many soldiers, for example, Lei Feng, have done very great deeds in their lives.
s. friendship helps us understand who we are.
help sb +to do / do sth.
You may help me to finish the job.
Period 5&6
Language study& Practicing
Teaching aims: Learn the rules of transformation of the Direct and Indirect Speeches and transform them fluently and correctly.
How to carry it out:
1. Greetings to the Ss.
2. Dictation of words & phrases.
3. “Word study” on Page 4. Fill in and then translate them.
4. “Vocabulary” on page 87 in WB.
5. Give instructions on the translation work and do “Vocabulary 3”. Let the Ss. hand it in.
Grammar Study
當(dāng)我們引用別人的話時。如果我們引用別人的原話，那么被引用的部分就叫直接引語，一般用“ ”引起來。如果我們用自己把意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來，那么這樣的話稱為間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個賓語從句。由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)化成間接引語可以分成下面幾種情況：
1、如果直接引語是一個陳述句，在變成間接引語時一是要用連詞把主句和從句連接起來，that可省略。二是根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q，三是直接引語的動詞的時態(tài)要作相應(yīng)的變動。四是根據(jù)意思將指示代詞、地點及時間狀語等作必要的變動。
⑴Lin Tao said, “I am ready.”
Lin Tao said (that) he was ready.
⑵He said (to me), “I have left my book at home”
He told me that he had left his book at home.
⑶She said, “I will come here again tonight.”
She said (that) she would come there again that night.
2、在引用一個疑問句時，要用連詞whether或if連接起來，不能省略。此外還要把人稱、時態(tài)，時間和地點狀語作相應(yīng)的變化，從句一定要用陳述語序。
He asked, “Can you come here tomorrow.”
He asked (me) if I could go there the next day.
He asked, “ are you a teacher?”
He asked me whether / if I was a teacher.
3、如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，那么特殊疑問句作連詞，連詞不能省略，然后人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語等仍需適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓Z的語序為陳述語序。
⑴.He asked, “How are you getting along with your studies.”
He said me how I was getting along with my studies.
⑵.She asked, “Where will you have lunch ,Tom.”
She asked Tom where he would have lunch.
(3) She said, “ what are you doing?”
She asked me what I was doing.
時間改變可以用下表表示：
直接引語 間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時
一般將來時 過去將來時
一般過去時 過去完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時
過去完成時 過去完成時
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 過去完成進(jìn)行時
注意：如果直接引語表達(dá)的是客觀事實，或當(dāng)時直接轉(zhuǎn)述，時態(tài)不用變。如：
The teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun.
4、一些常用詞改變規(guī)律表：
在直接引語中 在間接引語中
指示代詞 This That
These Those
表時間的詞 Now Then
Today that day
This week(month ,etc) that week(month)
Yesterday the day before
Last week(month) The week (month etc) before
Three days (a year, etc) ago three days (a year etc) before
Tomorrow the next (following)day
Next week(month) the next (following)week
地點 Here There
動詞 Come Go
5、如果直接引語是祈使句，將say變?yōu)閍sk或tell等，直接在動詞前加“to” 。否定式加not to，這個請求或命令由一個復(fù)合賓語表示出來。
He said, “Come in, please.”
He asked me to come in.
He said, “Don’t do that again ,Peter.”
He told Peter not to do that again.
Grammar exercises 1:
Ask someone to answer.
1. Do “Grammar” 1 on Page 5 in SB, paying enough attention to the students’ common errors.
2. Do “Grammar” 1 on Page 87 in WB.
3. Do “Grammar” 2 & 3 individually, in pairs, or in groups. Of course, this part can be assigned for the students’ homework.
4. “Grammar” 2 on Page 5-6 in SB is optional. You may do it by way of pair work or group work, or even simply omit it. But in this part, I should emphasize some words and phrases:
be angry with sb.
miss sth / sb.
reef: 焦，焦脈.
not any longer=not any much
take care of =look after
I am scared.
Homework:
Finish Question 2 on page 87 after class. And check it next period.
Period 7 & 8
Integrating skills &Assessing
Teaching aims: how to compose an E-mail
How to carry it out:
1. Greetings to the Ss.
2. Homework checkup/analysis
Point out some common problems coming forth in Ss.’ homework.
3. Reading and Writing on page 6 & 7 on the Ss.’ Book.
Study the instruction and read the two quoted messages to decide whom of the two to make friends with.
Pay special attention to the following words and phrases:
e-pal, click it away, drop sb. line
4. “E-mail” writing formula
To:
Subject:
Attachments:
The body: Date
Hi/Dear……
………………
………………
………………
Your signature
5. Get the Ss. finish writing on page 7 & 90.
6. Finish “Reading” on page 88 & 89.
7. Assessing
Handouts for Ss. to self assess. Add some other items.
Homework:
1. Ask the Ss. to write an E-mail to me.
2. Preview the new unit especial the new words.