Unit 4

Teaching Goals:

l Talking about botany

l Speak about procedures

l Review a description of plants

Target language:

1. Important words and phrases

2. Important sentences

Ability Goals:

Enable the students to talk about botany and to say sth. about it.

Teaching important points:

Help the students learn to describe plants and how to grow and take care of them.

The contribution of the three important persons to the science of botany.

The meaning and the usage of the key words.

Teaching methods :

Asking-and-answering questions

Discussion

Listening and speaking

Teaching procedures and ways:

StepⅠ Greetings

Greet the whole class ; Duty reports

Step Ⅱ Revision

Last week, we learned unit 3. This unit is about the only country in the world that covers an entire continent-Australia. It is a wealthy country, which produces metals, precious stones, coal, grain, meat and wines, and has the biggest iron mines in the world. Australia has the about one-sixth of the world’s sheep and produces almost one-third of its wool. The climate in Australia varies from north to south.

Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories. The first Australians were the Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. The two world war had a strong influence on Australia. The official language is English, which is quite different from British and American English. However, do you know what the national flower of Australia is?-----Golden Wattle (Acacia ) 金合歡，又稱相思樹

Step Ⅲ Warming up

Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name. Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.

Picture 1: peony-- the Chinese national flower, native to China, is called as the “King of Flowers”, which is widely used in Chinese medicine.

Picture 2: tulip. Tulip is native to Central and Western Asia, and parts of the Middle East, roughly in the region near Afghanistan. Tulip is mainly used for decoration. Also, tulips are beautiful flowers and people often send them to their friends as presents.

Picture 3: rose. Rose is native to Southwest Asia. Roses are best presents to be sent to friends. And it is also very popular to send roses as love signal between young people. Red roses indicate warmth and love and white ones, purity and simplicity, blue ones, honesty and sincerity. Also, rose flower is a kind of important Chinese medicine.

Picture 4: sunflower. Sunflowers get their name because they always face the sun-turning to track the sun’s movement across the sky. Sunflower is a North American native. American Indians used sunflower as food and medicine.

Step Ⅳ listening

1.Listen to the tape and get the topic of the passage

1).This passage mainly deals with _______d_.

A. Flowers B. Grain C. Fruits

2).From this passage we know that_______b__.

A. People in the past had enough fruits to eat.

B. People on the voyages long ago couldn’t survive long on board, one of the main reasons was that they lacked fresh fruits and vegetables.

C. Captain Cook didn’t realise the importance of keeping ship and the crew members themselves clean and taking regular exercises.

2.Please judge the following statements as true or false.

( × )1. There were enough fruits in ancient Europe.

( × )2. Farmers in old England often got ill during the winter because they did not get enough exercises.

( √ )3 Fruit and vegetables could not be kept fresh for a very long time because they had not found ways to keep them.

( √ )4. The diet aboard ships consisted of salt meat, and hard biscuits. The sailors hardly ate any fresh vegetables or fruit.

( × )5. The discovery of Vitamin C made people realise that eating fresh vegetables and fruit could treat this disease.

Step Ⅴ Reading

Lead in:

Talk about the pictures:

Picture1: Coffee beans are used to make coffee. Coffee originally came from Africa, although coffee-drinking started in Arab countries. Coffee as a crop is now grown in subtropical regions, such as Latin America, Africa, Arabia, Indonesia, Hawaii, India and in Southeast Asia.

Subtropical: 亞熱帶的

熱帶的 ：tropical

Picture 2: Tea is used to make tea. Tea originally came from China. Currently, the most important tea producing countries are China, Japan, India and Sri Lanka.

Currently:普遍地, 通常地, 現在, 當前

Picture 3: Chili is used as a spice to make food more tasty. Other than what some Chinese students may believe, chili is not originally from China, but from Latin America. Chili is grown in tropical countries all over the world.

Do you like chili?

Picture 4: Hemp is used to make rope or carpets. Hemp originally came from the Central Asia, and has been known to China for more than 10,000 years. The British spread hemp to all their colonies as its fibre was used to make sails and rope for their ships. It is now produced in all countries of the world.

fibre：纖維, 構造, 纖維制品, [植]須根

n Pre-reading

Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?

His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.

While-reading

n Fast reading

1. How should we classify them scientifically?

By grouping plants in families.

2. who is the first to do this?

Carl Linnaeus

3. How many scientists are mentioned?

Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook

4. How many voyages did James Cook make?

three voyages

Careful reading

1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D

A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a branch of medicine

2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C

A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon

3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A

A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander

4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C

A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups

C．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species

5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C

A．one B．Two C．Three D.four

n The relationship among three persons.

Post-reading

1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?

Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.

2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?

To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.

3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?

Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.

4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?

When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.

Step Ⅵ Language points:

Integrating skills

Scanning

Find out the important people mentioned in the text.

Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria

Gote Turesson From Sweden

Choose the best answers according to the passage

1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C

A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants

B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants

C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants

D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants

2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B

A. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seeds

C. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds

3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． C

A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space

4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D

A．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment

B．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand

C．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment

D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .

5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B

A．he was invited to join scientific expedition

B．he was interested in them

C．he could do a lot Of experiments

D．he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”

Fill in the following blanks

Scientist Research/experiment Result

Charles Darwin The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.

Gregor Mendel Flowers and peas Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.

Gote Turesson A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.

The text can be divided into four parts

Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.

Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.

Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study

Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.

Important sentences in the passage

1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.

2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.

3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.

4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.

Translate the following phrases into English:

詳細地 in detail 處于支配的地位，負責 in charge of

由……負責 in the charge of 任命某人為……appoint sb. as

將……分類成classify…into… 計算……之間的距離 calculate the distance between…

一代一代傳下去pass on from one generation to the next 建于…；以…為基礎be based on

參與; 陷入 ……的活動be involved in 根據;視……而定；按照according to

搜索；尋找 search for 總而言之 altogether

match…with （在品質；顏色；設計等方面）相等，相當，相配

at the age of 在……歲時 look out for 警惕;留心;守侯

on a large scale 大規模地;大范圍地 year after year 年年;年復一年

pass away 逝世 name…after 給……取名;命名

take care of 關心;照顧 classify…into 分類;歸類

develop a lifelong friendship with 與……結存了終生好朋友 born into 出生

have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲 a great deal of 大量;許多(用于不可數名詞)

lie in 在于 related to 與……有關

the key to 關鍵是(在于) adapt to 適應于

be sunken into 墮入 a bunch of flowers

at first sight lead a cosy life

make two more voyages be involved in

lead sb. to do sth. calculate the distance between

pass on from on generation to the next form the belief

in view adapt to the new environment