知識記憶

§2.1 知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)

1.prison n.監(jiān)獄

The murderer went to prison last week.

那個殺人犯上周進了監(jiān)獄。

The criminal’s wife went to the prison to visit her husband.

那個犯人的妻子去監(jiān)獄探望了她的丈夫。

He is in prison now.That’s why we haven’t seen him for months.

他在坐牢，所以我們好幾個月沒見到他了。

It was reported that four men escaped from prison yesterday.

據(jù)報道，昨天四個人越獄逃跑了。

put…into prison把……投進監(jiān)獄

The police arrested many people and later put them into prison.

警察逮捕了很多人，之后把他們關(guān)進了監(jiān)獄。

He broke the law,and therefore was put into prison.

他違反了法律，所以被關(guān)進了監(jiān)牢。

2.forbid vt.禁止，不讓

forbid sb.to do sth.“禁止某人做某事”

I forbid you to stay out after midnight.

我禁止你半夜后仍待在外面。

It was useless to forbid children to play in the park.

禁止孩子在公園里玩是沒用的。

“May I use your car?” “No,I forbid you to.”

“我可以用你的車嗎？”“不可以，我不讓你用。”

forbid sth./doing sth.“禁止（做）某事”，常用于被動語態(tài)。

Her father forbade their marriage.

她父親禁止了他們的婚姻。

Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall.

這個音樂大廳禁止吸煙。

Walking on this grass is forbidden.

禁止在這塊草地上走動。

3.soul n.靈魂；精神；氣魄

Do you believe in the immortality of the soul?

你們相信靈魂不滅嗎？

We prayed for the souls of the dead.

我們?yōu)樗勒叩撵`魂祈禱。

She puts her whole soul into her work.

她全心投入她的工作。

He put his heart and soul into the painting.

他全心全意地畫那幅畫。

keep body and soul together維持生活，糊口

He really doesn’t earn enough to keep body and soul together.

他掙不夠足夠的錢維持生活。

4.march vi.行進；行軍；進展

The troops marched along the street.

軍隊行進在大街上。

The mayor marched at the head of the parade.

市長走在游行隊伍的前頭。

She marched upstairs without saying a word.

她一言不發(fā)，快步走上樓去。

The soldiers have marched 30 miles today.

那些士兵今天已經(jīng)行軍30英里。

march on前進，行進

I saw a group of soldiers marching on toward that mountain.

我看到一隊士兵向那座山里進發(fā)了。

n.游行；行進；行軍

The students will have a march after the match.

比賽結(jié)束后，學生們要舉行游行活動。

They reached the camp after three days’ march.

行進了三天后，他們到達了營地。

on the march在行進中，在進行中，在進展中

The soldiers are on the march.

那些士兵在行進中。

Civilization is on the march.

文明在發(fā)展中。

5.separation n.分離，隔離

His separation from his family made him very sad.

與家人的離別使他很傷心。

She couldn’t bear the thought of separation from her children.

想到要與孩子分離，她就忍受不了。

They were pleased to meet after such a long separation.

久別重逢令他們很高興。

We are together again after a separation of three years.

離別三年后，我們又在一起了。

separate vt.分離，隔離

Separate those two boys who are fighting.

把那兩個打架的孩子分開。

This river separates England and Scotland.

這條河把英格蘭與蘇格蘭隔開了。

separate…from…將……與……分開

England is separated from France by the English Channel.

英吉利海峽將英國與法國分開了。

Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.

請把好蘋果與壞蘋果分開。

separate常用于被動語態(tài)，表示“與某人分手、離婚、失散。如：

Were you separated from your wife?

你和你妻子離婚了嗎？

They got separated in the crowd.

他們在人群中失散了。

6.vote n.選舉，投票，選舉權(quán)

The captain of the team was elected by the vote of the members.

隊長由隊員投票選出。

A vote on this matter will be taken at the end of the discussion.

這件事討論到最后就進行表決。

His motion came to the vote.

他的動議被提交表決。

There are still countries in the world where women do not have the vote.

世界上仍有一些國家的婦女沒有選舉權(quán)。

The law was passed by 205 votes to 112.

這項法律以205票對112票通過。

vote v.選舉，投票

In those days women couldn’t vote.

那時候婦女無權(quán)投票。

vote on sth.就……投票表決

Now we will vote on this question.

現(xiàn)在我們對這個問題投票表決。

vote for/against…投票贊成/反對……

Most of the Republic Party voted for the measure.

大多數(shù)共和黨議員對那些措施投了贊成票。

He voted against the plan.

他對該計劃投了反對票。

vote to do sth.投票去做……

We voted to accept the proposal.

我們投票決定接受這項提案。

vote that…投票決定……(that從句中的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”，should可省略)

The committee voted that the game should be put off.

委員會投票決定比賽延期。

7.demand vt.要求，請求；查問

I demanded a clear answer.

我要求一個明確的答復。

The captain came down and demanded to know what was going on.

船長下來查問出什么事了。

He demanded to be told everything.

他要求告訴他一切。

demand后可接that從句，從句中用虛擬語氣“（should）+動詞原形”。

The head teacher demanded that we (should) clean the blackboard before every class.

班主任要求我們每節(jié)課前要擦干凈黑板。

They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult man.

他們要求給每個成年人選舉權(quán)。

注：不可說demand sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”。

demandvt.需要

This sort of work demands great patience.

這種工作需要很大的耐心。

The work demands your attention without delay!

這項工作要求你立刻關(guān)注。

demandn.需要；要求

demand for 對……要求；對……的需要

The workers’demand for higher wages seems reasonable.

工人們要求增加工資似乎是合理的。

Is there much demand/a great demand for teachers in this town?

這個城鎮(zhèn)急需教師。

be in (great) demand (迫切)需求

Oil is in great demand these days.

現(xiàn)在對石油的需求很大。

His records are always in demand.

他的唱片總是需求很大。

satisfy one’s demands 滿足某人的需求。

It’s impossible to satisfy everyone’s demands.

滿足每個人的需求是不可能的。

8.achieve vt.完成，達到

He achieved his goal.

他達到了他的目標。

She has achieved her ambition to become a writer.

她實現(xiàn)了成為一名作家的抱負。

Success is achieved by hard work.

成功是靠努力獲得的。

No one can achieve anything without effort.

沒有人能夠不努力而有所成就。

I achieved all I hoped to do today.

我已經(jīng)做完了今天我想做的事。

achievementn.成就，完成，達到，成功

make a scientific achievement取得科學成就

The achievement of success depends on hard work.

成功的獲得有賴于努力。

9.arrest vt.逮捕，拘留，扣留

The police arrested the thief last night.

警察昨晚逮捕了那個賊。

He was arrested for robbery.

他因搶劫而被捕。

The policeman arrested the man for carrying a gun.

警察以攜帶槍支罪逮捕了那個人。

I was arrested that day for speeding.

那天我因開車超速而被扣留。

arrestn.逮捕，拘留，扣留

The arrest of the judge is reported on the front page.

法官被捕的報道刊登在了報紙的頭版。

The police made several arrests last week.

上周警察拘捕了幾個人。

under arrest被捕，被拘留

You’re under arrest.你被捕了。

I was told that the murderer was under arrest.

有人告訴我，那個殺人犯已經(jīng)被捕了。

10.sort vt.整理，把……進行分類

While you are sorting your things upstairs,I’ll pack your books.

你整理樓上的東西，我來給你的書打包。

Sort these socks according to their sizes.

請按大小把這些襪子分類。

The boy was sorting the foreign stamps he had collected.

那孩子在整理他收集的外國郵票。

sort out整理好；挑出

She spent a happy afternoon sorting out her coins and cards.

她愉快地過了一個下午，整理她收集的硬幣和賀卡。

He sorted out the papers to be thrown away.

他挑出要拋棄的文件。

§2.2 發(fā)散思維

1.form vi.形成，構(gòu)成，出現(xiàn)

A plan began to form in his mind.

一個計劃開始在他的腦海里形成。

Steam forms when water boils.

水沸騰時會出現(xiàn)蒸氣。

Form vt.養(yǎng)成，培養(yǎng)；組成

Schooling helps to form a child’s character.

學校教育有助于孩子性格的形成。

It’s important to form good habits.

養(yǎng)成良好的習慣很重要。

The Chinese Communist Party was formed in 1921.

中國共產(chǎn)黨是1921年成立的。

They formed a class for beginners last year.

去年他們?yōu)槌鯇W者組織了一個班級。

formn.表格；形式，形狀，外形；（健康）狀況，精神，心態(tài)

Fill in the form,please.請?zhí)钜幌逻@張表格。

Ice,snow and steam are three forms of water.

冰、雪和水蒸氣是水的三種形態(tài)。

A dark form could be seen in the distance.

可以看到遠處有個黑影。

be in form狀況良好；be out of form狀態(tài)不佳

If she is in form,she can win the match easily.

如果她狀態(tài)良好的話，能輕松贏得這場比賽。

Smith is out of form and is unlikely to run in the 100-metre race tomorrow.

史密斯身體狀況不佳，明天可能不參加100米的比賽。

in the form of以……形式

Cars pollute the air in the form of waste gas.

汽車以廢氣的形式污染空氣。

Their diet contains a lot of fat in the form of butter,cream and chocolate.

他們的飲食含有大量的脂肪，是以黃油、奶油和巧克力的形式攝入的。

2.judge vt.審判，裁決；判斷，斷定

He will judge the case.

他將審理這個案子。

A blind man can’t judge colours.

盲人不能辨別顏色。

It’s difficult to judge people’s characters.

人的性格很難判斷準。

I can’t judge whether you’re right or wrong.

我不能斷定你是對還是錯。

judge sb./sth.(to be)…認為某人（某事）……

I judged her to be about thirty years old.

我認為她大約三十歲。

We judged the distance to be about four miles.

我們認為這個距離大約是4英里。

judge…by/from…根據(jù)……判斷

You can’t judge a book by its cover.

你不能根據(jù)封面來判斷一本書。

You shouldn’t judge a person by what he wears.

你不能以穿著來判斷一個人。

Don’t judge a person from his appearance.

不要以貌取人。

judging by/from…“依……來判斷”，通常作獨立狀語。

Judging from what you said,he must be an expert.

以你說的來看，他定是一位專家。

Judging by his look,he doesn’t think much of our local wine.

從他的表情來看，他并不看好我們當?shù)氐木啤?/p>