第一章 虛擬語氣

一 知識歸納

1. 虛擬語氣在if條件句中的應用

1) 三種形式

條件從句中的動詞 結果主句中的動詞 示例

與現在的事實相反 動詞的過去式

be動詞一律用were would/could/might/should +動詞原形 If I had time, I would attend your party.

與過去的事實相反 had+過去分詞 would/could/might/should +have +過去分詞 You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired.

與將來的事實相反 should+動詞原形

were to+動詞原形 would/could/might/should +動詞原形 If it were to snow /should snow tomorrow, we should take photos.

2) 虛擬條件句中有were, had, should時, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主語前,用到裝結構, 這種結構主要用于書面語中. 如:

Were it necessary, I might resign.

Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.

Should I have time, I would call on her

Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace

3) 錯綜時間條件句

在這種條件句中,虛擬條件主句和從句的動作發生的時間不一致,因此,主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據各自所指的不同時間選擇適當的動詞形式, 如:

If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. (現在---過去)

If they had started in the early morning, they would arrive in half an hour(過去---將來)

If you had asked him when you saw him last time, you would know what to do now. (過去---現在)

4) 含蓄條件句

有些句子中, 沒有任何表示虛擬語氣的詞,短語或從句,但仍要用虛擬語氣. 這時,要么是省略了表示虛擬語氣的部分, 要么隱含在上下文之中. 如:

I would do anything for her (if I could)

We would have made a lot of money (but we gave up halfway)

Without electricity life would be quite different today. (If there were no electricity)

5) 用介詞代替條件狀語從句, 常見的介詞有with , without, but for 如:

What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?)

We would not have finished the word on time without your help (=if you had not helped us)

But for the rain, (if it had not been for the rain,) we would have finished the work

2. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

1) wish后賓語從句的虛擬語氣

與現在事實相反, 用were或動詞的一般過去式;與過去事實相反, 用had+過去分詞;表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現的愿望,用would/could/might+動詞原形,后的從句不能用should.如:

I wish she were here.

I wish you would go with us tomorrow

I wish she had taken my advice

2) order, suggest, demand, insist, 等表示命令,要求, 建議的詞后賓語從句的虛擬語氣,形式為(should)+動詞原形

3. as if /as though 后有時用虛擬語氣

1) 從句所設想的時間與主句動作同時發生,從句動詞用過去時(be用were)

It looks as if she were sick.

He looks as though he knew the girl

2) 從句所設想的時間動作于主句謂語發生,從句動詞用had+過去分詞. 如:

I feel as if we had known each other for years

He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself

4. (should )+動詞原形在某些從句中的應用

1) 當賓語從句從的謂語是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等動詞時,如:

I suggested that we should go there on foot.

注意:當suggest表示暗示,表明時,不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣.如:

The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.

當insist表示堅持認為之意時, 不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣. 如:

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money

2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/a pity 等后的主語從句中

It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight

3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞之后的表語從句和同位語從句中.如:

My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening

5. would rather, had better后的句子的虛擬語氣

1) 接動詞原形, 指現在或將來的時間, 表示主語的主觀愿望和選擇

I would rather do it today

You had better not go dancing tonight

2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示過去的某種不恰當的選擇. 如:

I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip

3) 接從句, 用一般過去時, 表示現在或將來的愿望;用過去完成時,表示過去的愿望.如:

I would rather you paid the money yourself

I would rather she had not done that

6. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 從句的謂語動詞用過去式,或should +動詞原形, 其中should不能省掉.如:

It is time that you went to school

It is time that we should start out

7. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語氣中. 如:

If it were not for the rain, the crops would die

If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time

8. 用于if only引導的感嘆句中

If only I were a flying bird!

If only I had seen the film!

二 學法建議

在學習if引起的虛擬條件句時, 同學們首先要牢記它的三種形式, 它將為學習此類句子奠定基礎, 在此基礎上, 才能掌握倒裝的虛擬條件句,混合虛擬條件句等

綜觀歷年的高考題及各地測試題,wish 引導的賓語從句的虛擬語氣, if引導的虛擬條件及含蓄條件句是測試的重點,務必請同學們在學習中加以注意

在學習as if引導的表語從句或狀語從句中的虛擬語氣時, 要很好理解句子, 在判定表示虛擬時,再使用虛擬語氣,并要牢記動詞的形式

對if only的學習也是不容忽視的一個要點. 它表示"要是…..就好了”, 謂語用一般過去時表示現在沒有實現的愿望, 用過去完成時表示過去沒有實現的愿望. 如:

If only she had known where to find you!

If only I could speak several foreign languages!

五年高考

1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies

B. lay

C. had lain

D. should lie

2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.

A. has

B. had

C. will have

D. had had

3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired

A. drove; didn’t get

B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get

D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got

4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison

A. refers

B. referring

C. referred

D. refer

6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. were broken

D. had been broken

7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him

A. on him to go; should be

B. he went; be

C. he go; was

D. he should to; is

8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today

---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today

A. tells

B. told

C. would tell

D. had told

名題精練

9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible

---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework

A. was

B. were

C. had been

D. would be

10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet

A. would have taken part in

B. took part in

C. had taken part in

D. would take part in

11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily

A. Had it not been for

B. If it were not

C. If it had not been for

D. Were it not for

12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going

A. had been, would have prevented

B. had been, would prevent

C. were, prevent

D. were, would have prevented

13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam

A. If he were to work

B. Had he worked

C. Should he work

D. Were he to work

14. ____today, he would get there by Friday

A. Were he to leave

B. If he had left

C. Did he to leave

D. Had he left

15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now

A. are

B. were

C. would be

D. would have been

16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

A. has come

B. did come

C. come

D. had come

17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.

A. was, had helped

B. was, would have helped

C. had been, would have helped

D. were, would have helped

18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday

A. were not, could have climb

B. were not, could climb

C. had not been, could have climbed

D. hadn’t been, could climb

19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

20. ---I am going to tell her the news

---I would as soon you _____her about it

A. didn’t tell

B. don’t tell

C. hadn’t tell

D. won’t tell

21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home

A. stayed

B. could stay

C. has stayed

D. stay

22. It was requested that the play ____again

A. should put on

B. would put on

C. be put on

D. put on

23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately

A. had sent for

B. send

C. be sent for

D. was sent

24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness

----Yes, but ____it

A. I’d rather not do

B. I’d rather not have done

C. I should’ t do

D. I’d better not do

25. If only I ___my car

A. hadn’t lost

B. wouldn’t lose

C. didn’t lose

D. haven’t lost

26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth

A. is

B. would

C. were

D. wouldn’t be

27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being

A. do

B. didn’t do

C. don’t

D. didn’t

28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son

A. is

B. were

C. had been

D. should be

29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more

A. were

B. could become

C. had been

D. should be

30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem

A. hold

B. held

C. have held

D. had held

31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying

A. even if , was

B. though, would be

C. even, had been

D. as if, were

32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert

A. had not

B. did not have had

C. hadn’t had

D. hadn’t have

33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again

A. will discuss

B. to discuss

C. should discuss

D. will be discussed

34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops

A. help

B. to help

C. helped

D. helping

35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules

A. obeys

B. obey

C. will obey

D. would obey

36. I wish I ____here then

A. was

B. had been

C. were

D. would be

37. It is strange that he ____back so early

A. came

B. will come

C. had come

D. should have come

38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV

A. did

B. do

C. shall do

D. have done

39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday

A. be put

B. put

C. should put

D. had been put

40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there

A. had been

B. has been

C. was

D. been

41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven

A. must finish

B. would be finished

C. be finished

D. must be finished

42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……

----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!

A. do

B. didn’t

C. did

D. don’t

43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning

A. would, have washed

B. could, have been washing

C. would have, have been washing

D. could have, had washing

44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse

A. had tried

B. hadn’t tried

C. have tried

D. didn’t try

45. ----How could I thank you enough?

----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it

A. must do

B. could do

C. would have done

D. should have done

46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue

A. be, be delayed

B. is, delay

C. should be, be delayed

D. is , be delayed

47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths

A. it would have been

B. it would be

C. there would be

D. there would have been

48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.

A. requested, deliver

B. demand, be delivered

C. request, should deliver

D. demand, delivered

49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder

A. made unpunished

B. came unpunished

C. went unpunished

D. not punished

50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late

A. would be

B. were

C. will be

D. would have been

51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then

A. come

B. came

C. would come

D. will come

52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting

A. had put on

B. should put on

C. have put on

D. will put on

53. I hope that you ____ right

A. will be

B. should be

C. were

D. would be

54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you

A. am

B. have been

C. should be

D. would be

55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning

A. start

B. started

C. would start

D. had started

56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother

A. has come

B. did come

C. had come

D. came

57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead

A. must have studied

B. might study

C. would study

D. would have studied

58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week

A. were not, could have climbed

B. were not, could climb

C. had not been , could have climbed

D. had not been, could climb

59. Without electricity human life ____quite different today

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

60. I wish I _____ you yesterday

A. seen

B. did see

C. had seen

D. were to see

61. He talks as if he ____for ages

A. is living there

B. was living there

C. has lived there

D. had lived there

62. The judge ordered the thief ____punished

A. should be

B. would be

C. was to be

D. must be

63. Her pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination

A. be, should have

B. was, have

C. should, had

D. was, has

64. They are talking ____they had known each other for years

A. as if

B. even if

C. like

D. because

65. Had you done as I told you, you____

A. would succeed

B. would have succeeded

C. were to succeed

D. should succeed

66. ______your help, I ____the exam

A. Without, will fail

B. If not , will fail

C. But for, would have failed

D. If it is not for, would have failed

67. I would rather you ____at once

A. leave

B. will leave

C. left

D. should leave

68. ____today, she would arrive in New York by Tuesday

A. If he leaves

B. Would he have left

C. Was he leaving

D. Were he to leave

69. It is high time you ____ to school

A. will go

B. would go

C. went

D. had gone

70. If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he _____been in hospital now

A. shouldn’t

B. hadn’t

C. wouldn’t have

D. would not

71. It is necessary that he ____to the lab right now

A. come

B. came

C. would come

D. is coming

72. But that he ____ it, he wouldn’t have believed it

A. see

B. saw

C. had seen

D. sees

73. Their suggestion is that the wounded soldiers____ to hospital at once

A. be sent

B. is sent

C. was sent

D. should send

74. I would buy that car but I ____enough money

A. do not have

B. did not have

C. will not have

D. had not had

75. If only we____ about the danger, we couldn’t have joined you

A. knew

B. had known

C. would know

D. should know

76. It was ordered that no smoking ____in the library

A. was allowed

B. would be allowed

C. be allowed

D. had been allowed

77. ____you come earlier, you would have met him

A. Should

B. would

C. Could

D. Had

78. ---You should have finished your homework earlier

----I know but I ____the time

A. don’t have

B. didn’t have

C. won’t have

D. had not

79. I tried his best in everything, _____he wouldn’t have been what he was

A. otherwise

B. but

C. and

D. but that

80. How I wish I ____such a good chance before

A. didn’t miss

B. hadn’t missed

C. met

D. have met

81. ___your letter, I would have started off two days ago

A. If I could have received

B. If I received

C. Should I received

D. Had I received

82. I would ask Tom to lend us money if I ____ him

A. had known

B. knew

C. have known

D. know

83. If it ____tomorrow, what shall we do?

A. rains

B. would rain

C. rained

D. should rain

84. If he ___come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him

A. would

B. should

C. /

D. had

85. If he were to come tomorrow, things___ easier

A. should be

B. would be

C. are

D. can be

86. If you ____that late movie last night, you would not be so sleepy now

A. haven’t watched

B. didn’t watch

C. hadn’t watched

D. wouldn’t have watched

87. ____difficulties, we would be successful

A. Should we overcome

B. Would we overcome

C. Might we overcome

D. Could we overcome

88. If only everything___ out, as we wanted it to in life

A. is working

B. worked

C. works

D. has worked

89. Mary _____ to college last year. Unfortunately, she could not take the examinations because of a sudden illness

A. could go

B. did go

C. could have gone

D. must have gone

90. I wish it ____ not so cold outside

A. shall be

B. be

C. were

D. is

91. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o’clock

A. be

B. to be

C. would be

D. shall be

92. He insisted that he ____ our car

A. should steal

B. would steal

C. hadn’t stolen

D. steal

93. Their suggestion is that we____ go out for a walk

A. can

B. have

C. shall

D. /

94. It is necessary that he ____ in time to attend the meeting

A. come

B. came

C. would come

D. need come

95. I ____that she had left her home yesterday

A. have thought

B. think

C. had thought

D. should think

96. We have been sitting doing nothing about it for days. It is time we ____the problem

A. shook hands with

B. got to brass tacks with

C. got to solve

D. reached the bottom of

97. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ____ about that

A. know

B. knows

C. known

D. knew

98. In case I _____, I would try again

A. will fail

B. would miss

C. should fail

D. shall fail

99. ____ I will marry him all the same

A. Were he rich or poor

B. Be he rich or poor

C. Whether rich or poor

D. Being rich or poor

100. Without gravity, we ____ able to walk

A. were

B. should be

C. can be

D. should not be

答案

C B D B C C C B A A D A B A C D B C D A

D C C B A C B B A B D C C A B B D B A A

C D C B C D D B C D B B A A A C D C D C

D A B A B C C D C D A B A A B C D B A B

D B A D B C A B C C A C D A C C D C B D