Part1. Preview work
I. To get the main idea of each part
Part1 (1)
Part2 (2-6)
Part3(7)
II. Understanding the text
1 From the text , we can learn that Tacitus
A was a history writer
B worked for the local police
C was a close friend of Plony
D did research into volcanoes and earthquskes
2 What’s the passage mainly about?
A The death of Pliny the elder
B The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD
C The possible causes of volcanoes erupting.
D The ways of escaping from a volcano eruption
3 “The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand(para2) The underlined parts refer to
A Mount Vesuvius , the uncle of the writer
B a mountain in the distance, Pliny the elder
C a cloud of unusual size and shape , qualities of a scientist like curiosity
D dark spots of dirt and ash; qualities of a scientist like curiosity
4 The writer didn’t think his uncle was afraid on the trip to Vesuvius because
A he had to rescue his friend’s wife Rectina
B he hurried to a place from which others were fleeing
C he had a good knowledge of how to survive a volcano eruption
D he was calm enough to write a report about what he observed
5 Pompy didn’t get away because
A he had to wait for a good wind
B there was no way out except by boat
C he was too scared to take any action
D he wanted to join Pliny in observing the eruption
6 led to the immediate death of the writer’s uncle
A The wrong decision he made
B His interest t study the volcano
C That he didn’t take the eruption seriously
D That he wanted to rescue Pomp after rescuing Rectina
7 What does the writer mean the last sentence of the letter?
A It is no easy task to be a history writer
B He reminds Tacitus of his uncle’s bravery
C He’s sorry that he can’t tell Tacitus more about the eruption
D He leaves it for Tacitus to decide which parts are important for his history book
III. Translate the following phrases and sentences.
1 嚇?biāo)?2陷入恐慌
3 一場(chǎng)令人難忘的災(zāi)難
4 吸引我舅舅的注意
5 在附近 6被……驚嚇
7坐落在山腳 8企求某人去做某事
9合適的風(fēng)向 10與其……不如……
11……是一回事，……是另一回事
12近在咫尺 13出什么事了？
14船完了
15.You can pick out the important bits , for it is one thing to write a letter , another to write history, one thing to write to a friend , another to write for the public.
Part2. Language points
1 The sight of it awoke the scientist in my uncle to go and see it from closer at hand.
He lives close at hand.
I always keep a dictionary ready at hand.
Your big moment is at hand..
由hand構(gòu)成的其他短語還有：
by hand from hand to hand
hand in hand over
in hand hand down
hand out give sb a hand
hand in hand shake hands with
on one hand…on the other hand
2 Upon arrival , my uncle hugged Pompy and tried to give him courage.
examples:
On his arrival at the station , he was arrested by the police
On asking for the information, I was told I must wait.
On the news of his accident , I was sad.
此句中的upon同on，與帶有動(dòng)詞性意義的名詞或動(dòng)名詞連用，表示“一……就……”，“在……之時(shí)/ 后”例如 ：
1 我一到家，就發(fā)現(xiàn)家中被盜了
2 我一通過駕照考試，我爸爸就給我買了一輛小汽車
除upon/on表達(dá)之外，還可以用as soon as the moment immediately后跟從句，或用No sooner …than, hardly …when, scarcely…when
如：Please call me as soon as you get London
The moment he sat down, the doorbell rang.
His daughter ran to him immediately he got off the train.
No sooner dad he arrived than he was asked to leave again.
我一出門，天就下雨了
我一到上海就給你寫信。
3 Ash and bits of rock that were burnt black falling onto the ship now, darker and more, the closer they went..
Examples:
More haste, less speed.
The more he talked, the more excited he became.
其構(gòu)成：The+形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)，The+形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。 后可接句子，也可接名詞。在上下文清楚的情況下，還可省略。例如：
這首詩(shī)我越讀的多，我越喜歡。
我們?cè)绞嵌嗑墼谝黄穑驮娇鞓?/p>
越快，越好.
4 Helped by two slaves, he stood up and immediately fell down dead.
1) Full of fear, he returned home
2) Large or small, all countries are equal.
3) He stood there, dumbfounded.
那個(gè)老人躺在床上，一聲不吭，回憶他的學(xué)生時(shí)代。
年輕時(shí)，我父親不得不靠賣報(bào)紙為生。
5 He looked more asleep than dead.
他看上去預(yù)期說是死了不如說是睡著了
examples:
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.
She is more lovely than pretty.
More---than---在此表示同一事物的兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較，譯為“與其說……不如說……”
Than后接與前同類的名詞或形容詞，而非比較對(duì)象。例如：
1 與其說他受了傷，不如說他受了驚.
2 與其說這巖石像牛，不如說他像馬。
more than 其他意義：
Bamboo is used more than as a building material.
The terrible heat was more than the old man could bear.
They were more than happy to serve us..
他不僅僅是我們的老師，還是我們的朋友
超過一百個(gè)人參加了我們的社團(tuán)
我們非常高興再見到你
Translation
1勝利已在望，因此我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。
2. 我一下車天就下雨了。
3 我越看她越覺得她可愛
4老師靠著課桌站著，說不出話來。
5我非常愿意用汽車把你送去
Grammar – Ellipsis
I. Knowledge about Ellipses
1. 簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略
1) 省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略；其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。
(___) Thank you for your help.
(___) See you tomorrow.
(___) Doesn’t matter.
(___) Beg your pardon.2) 省略主謂或主謂語的一部分 (___) No smoking .
(___) Anything wrong ?
Why (______) not say hello to him ?
3) 省略作賓語的不定式短語,只保留to，但如該賓語是動(dòng)詞be或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在之后加上be或have:
–Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (______).
He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (_________).
–Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
–He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.
4) 省略表語
–Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (______). His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (______).
5) 同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分
A: Have you finished your work ? B: ---(______) Not (______) yet.
2. 主從復(fù)合句中的省略
1) 主句中有一些乘法被省略
(______ ) Sorry to hear you are ill. (______ ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.
2) 主句中有提到的內(nèi)容被省略
–Is he coming back tonight? --I think so.
–She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us.
–Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not.
–Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not.
# How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so. I suppose/believe/hope not.
3. 并列句中的省略: 兩個(gè)并列句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。
My father is a doctor and my mother (___) a nurse.
When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (______) shorter and shorter.
4. 其他省略
1) 連詞的that省略: 賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況。
在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略.凡是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句都可省略關(guān)系代詞和be 動(dòng)詞。
2) 在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí)，可省去“主語+be”部分
When (______) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.
She tried her best though (______) rather poor in health.
If (______) asked you may come in. If (______) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
3) 不定式符號(hào)to的省略
并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
help 當(dāng)“幫助”講時(shí)，后面的賓語或賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶.
I will help (____) do it for you. -
介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do,后面的不定式不帶 to. The boy did nothing but play.
某些使役動(dòng)詞（let, make, have）及感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式一定要省去 to, 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中須將to 復(fù)原。
I saw the boy fall from the tree. - The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
The boss made us work 12 hours a day. - We were made to work 12 hours a day.
主語從句中有動(dòng)詞do,后面作表語的不定式的 to可帶可不帶。
All we can do now is (____) wait.
find 當(dāng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶。
但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。
We found him (____) work very hard at the experiment.
She found him (________) dishonest.
4) 連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語序有變化。
If they had time, they would certainly come and help us.
Rewrite:________________________________________________
If I you, I would do the work better
Rewrite:____________________________________________
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
Rewrite: __________________________________________________--
5) 主句和從句各有一些成分省略。
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
II. Practice
1. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.(2003北京)
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
2-Susan, go on. Your sister is cleaning the yard.(NMET20030)
--Why _____? John is sitting there doing nothing
A. him B. he C. I D. me
3. Generally speaking,_____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.(2003 上海)
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
4. Unless_____ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.(2003上海春)
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
5. ---The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they ?(2003北京春)
---________________.
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess C. I don’t guess D. I guess not
6. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ____ whether he was going in the right direction.(2003春)
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
7. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002上海春)
A. completed B.completing C. being completed D. to be completed
8. The director gave me a better offer than _____(1999 上海)
A. that of Dick’s B. Dick’s C. he gave Dick D. those of Dick
9. –Does your brother intend to study German?(1998上海)
-- Yes, he intends _______.
A. / B. to C. so D. that
10. –Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ( MET1997)
--- I ________, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
Answers 1-5 DDBCD 6---10 DACBC